Comprehensive guide for cutting tools of CNC turning machine tools 

Turning machines are used to give the shape and cutting of wood and metal by turning the harvesting and removing unnecessary material. However, CNC turning machines completely changed the rules of the game, increasing the effectiveness and accuracy of cutting operations.
When it comes to cutting tools, they are the main elements of the CNC turning machines, since the final product is determined and formed. Therefore, the choice of the right cutting tool is crucial for the production of high -quality parts, extending the life of the tool and optimizing effectiveness.
In this manual, various cutting tools of CNC turning machines, their features, characteristics, and also when and how to use them, will be considered. Moreover, by the end of this article you will know how to serve these tools and why they should be considered as a selection criterion. Let's look closer.

Introduction to cutting tools for turning machines
Since manual turning machines are upgraded to the CNC turning machines, they capture all processing industries. CNC machines are fully automated and controlled by programs that control the cutting tools and operations, ensuring accuracy and efficiency. More and more industries are fully used by CNC lathes; automotive industry, production of electronics, furniture, etc.;
Given the growing dependence and importance of CNC turning machines, you should know that their key element is the cutting tools attached to them. These are tools that really do their work, for example, cutting, drilling, pulling, cutting threads - everything that is required for the workpiece.

Classification of turning tools
A wide selection of cutting tools can be additionally divided into categories, which ultimately helps to determine exactly what is necessary. The classification is based on the material, use or the required cutting edge.

According to the material of the tool
The material processed on a CNC lathes affects the choice of cutting tools. This is due to the fact that different materials react differently to different types, so you should consider which material it will contact with the cutting tool in order to ensure greater efficiency. Cutting tools have an important effect on their operational characteristics, including wear resistance, cutting ability and heat resistance.

1. High -cutting steel (HSS).
The fast -cutting knives are known for their stiffness and durability. They are used where high -speed processing is not required, and the cost is more important. Although they are cheaper than other materials, they are less resistant to heating and abrasion, which means they wear out faster.

2. Ceramic products
Ceramic cutting tools have high heat resistance, which means that they are ideal for high -speed processing of hardened materials. They can also withstand high cutting speeds, without requiring the use of coolant, but can crack with a strong mechanical effect.

3. Carbide
This is the most commonly used cutting tool on CNC turning machines, it is made of tungsten carbide, on which its hardness, wear resistance and acuteness at high cutting speeds largely depend. This cutting instrumental material is ideal for metal blanks. However, it can also collapse with a strong blow.
4. Cross
This cutting tool is a alloy of ceramic and metal materials, which ultimately makes it ideal for processing stiffness. Cermetular cutting tools provide good final processing results.

Operations based on execution
Another standard for CNC turning machines is based on mechanical processing operations. Thus, operation should be a factor when choosing tools.

1. Turning tools
This tool is used for turning operations to obtain a certain form or size of a cylindrical workpiece by deleting the material from its external diameter. Tokar treatment is the most common operation, and it can be divided depending on the speed of removing the material and the quality of the surface.
For example, black processing tools are used to remove bulk material, since they have a large radius of the top of the tool. They also have more durable cutting edges that easily cope with large cutting forces.
Next, there are finishing turning tools that have a smaller radius at the top and provide a smooth surface after black processing. However, they have a lower speed of the material compared to black processing.
The last type is a contour current tool used for complex external circuits that require accurate geometry to follow a given contour and preserve accuracy.

2. Rage tool
Rage tools are necessary for internal processing, since they can expand or process pre -drilled holes in the workpiece, which leads to an exact internal diameter and high -quality surface decoration.
Clain melting tools are designed to remove a large amount of material at an early stage to form the main internal form.
After black bastard, finishing tools are used to increase the accuracy and quality of the surface, guaranteeing that the final dimensions will correspond to the exact specifications.
Precise explorers are used for high -precision internal processing, since they provide accurate control and strict tolerances that are crucial for tasks that require extremely high accuracy. These tools are necessary to create smooth and accurate internal surfaces.

3. Tools for trimming and processing grooves.
Tools for the segments and processing of grooves perform unique tasks, but on current turning machines, they are often used as interchangeable. A cutting tool, also known as a cutting tool, is a narrow sharp tool used to separate components from larger blanks by cutting along one axis.
On the other hand, groove processing tools are used to cut grooves or canals on the surface of the workpiece. They can be internal, for example, holes or drilled holes, or external, along the diameter or surface of the workpiece that have contours corresponding to various geometry of the grooves.

4. Drilling tools
Drills are used to create round holes in the workpieces, often as an initial operation on CNC turning machines, laying the basis for subsequent operations, such as boring or cutting threads. Spiral drills are the most common type and have a spiral shape that helps to remove chips when cutting materials. Spiral drills are universal and can be used for initial drilling holes in various materials. On the other hand, centering drills create small guide holes that direct larger spiral drills, ensuring the centering of the drill and preventing the deviation during processing.

5. Tools for cutting threads
Threading tools are used to cut threads on the external or inner surface of the workpiece with a certain geometry that provides accuracy and uniformity of the thread profile. The outdoor thread cuts are designed to cut threads according to the outer diameter of cylindrical blanks. Their cutting edges have the shape of the required thread profile and are programmed on a CNC machine to ensure an exact step and depth. Tools with internal threads perform the same function inside the hole or hole, and the internal threads created by them should accurately correspond to the profile of the external thread for the correct installation, which makes them critical in applications requiring threaded components.

6.
Drawing tools are used to create textured or patterned surfaces on cylindrical blanks, primarily for aesthetic or functional purposes, for example, to improve the capture of handles or fasteners. Direct incandescent tools create parallel crests along the surface, creating a simple linear pattern. On the other hand, tools with diamond rolling create a cross -shaped or rhomboid pattern on the surface of the workpiece, often for a better capture, which makes them ideal for applications that require manipulation or friction. These patterns can be applied to metal and plastic parts for various functional or decorative purposes.
Depending on the number of cutting edges

1. Simple cutting tool
Similarly cutting tools have one cutting edge, which interacts with the workpiece, which makes them suitable for tasks such as turning, pulling, cutting threads and removing champs. These tools are ideal for simple processing operations requiring unidirectional accuracy. Due to their basic geometry, they are easy to manufacture and are ideal for precision processing, requiring high accuracy.

2. Multipling cutting tools.
As the name implies, multi -point cutting tools have many cutting edges, which simultaneously hook for the workpiece, which leads to a higher speed of the material and a decrease in the wear of the tool. They are usually used in operations requiring high performance, such as drilling, milling and deployment.
Many cutting edges also improve heat discharge, increasing the service life and tool performance. It should also be known that although they are more effective than mono -point cutting tools, their geometry is also more complicated.

The geometry of the cutting tool of the lathe

Speaking about geometry, it is very important when it comes to celestials with CNC and their cutting tools, since it determines how it interacts with the workpiece and affects various processing results.
The front angle, or the angle between the surface of the cutting tool and the surface of the workpiece, is an important geometric aspect. The front angle has a significant effect on the cutting forces, the formation of chips and the overall wear of the tool. A positive front angle is often used in the processing of soft materials, since it minimizes the resistance of cutting and promotes the formation of chips. For more solid materials, the negative front angle is ideal, since it increases the strength of the tool and resistance to chip formation.
Another important factor is the angle of clearance, which is an angle formed between the cutting edge and the surface of the workpiece. This angle prevents the friction of the tool about the workpiece, minimizing friction and wear. However, the choice of the correct rear angle is crucial. If the back angle is too large, the tool will become weaker and more likely to break. On the other hand, a small rear angle can create too much friction, which will lead to overheating and premature wear of the tool.
The radius of the cutting edge also affects the quality of the treated surface. A larger radius provides the best surface quality, but requires greater cutting power. On the contrary, the smaller radius of the edge provides a more acute and aggressive cut, but cannot provide high surface quality. Finally, the radius of the top (the rounded tip of the cutting tool) increases the strength of the tool and improves the smoothness of the surface. However, if the treatment is incorrect, a wider radius of the vertex of the tool can increase the cutting pressure and cause vibration of the tool, which reduces the life of the tool and the quality of the workpiece.